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diff --git a/slides/2019-it-intro-computer-structure/src/body.tex b/slides/2019-it-intro-computer-structure/src/body.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5f98f22 --- /dev/null +++ b/slides/2019-it-intro-computer-structure/src/body.tex @@ -0,0 +1,601 @@ +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Motivation} + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.59\linewidth} + \includegraphics[height=0.8\textheight]{img/computers-everywhere} + %\burl{http://images.slideplayer.com/26/8674558/slides/slide_3.jpg} + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.39\linewidth} + \begin{itemize} + \item What can a computer do? + \item How do you choose one? + \end{itemize} + \end{column} + \end{columns} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Learning outcome based on syllabus} + \begin{itemize} + \item Describe the components of a computer and their interaction + (ISGA01) + \item Give an account of the components of a computer and their + interaction (ISGA06) + \item Give an account of the components of a computer and how they interact + (ISGA90) + \end{itemize} + \vfill\centering + \smartdiagramset{ + sequence item height=1.75cm, + sequence item width=2.5cm, + sequence item text width = 2.4cm, + } + \smartdiagram[sequence diagram]{% + What is a computer?,% + How is information processed?,% + Hardware components and purpose?% + } +\end{frame} + +%\begin{frame} +% \frametitle{The first computers} +% %The first computer? Z3 by Konrad Zuse (Germany, 1941)} +% \begin{columns} +% \begin{column}{0.59\textwidth} +% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/z3} +% %\burl{https://www.livescience.com/20718-computer-history.html} +% \end{column} +% \begin{column}{0.39\textwidth} +% % Say but not in slide: +% % - Brief history of Zuse (it's a funny story) +% % - Z3 destroyed in world-war II, rebuild in 1960 and now in museum +% % - MUL -> 3s :) +% \begin{itemize} +% \item 2000 `brain cells' +% \item Program is a punched film\footnotemark +% \item Keyboard for input +% \item Lamps for output +% \end{itemize} +% Other: +% \begin{itemize} +% \item ENIAC (1946) +% \end{itemize} +% \end{column} +% \end{columns} +% \footnotetext[1]{\tiny{Play with punch cards: \burl{https://www.vintageisthenewold.com/living-like-the-pioneers-code-fortran-in-a-punch-card/}}} +%\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{A typical computer} + \centering\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{img/binary} + %\burl{http://amusementpark3.blogspot.com/2010/10/blog-entry-41.html} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Current computer definitions in Swedish and English} + \begin{itemize} + \item Digital enhet f\"{o}r ber\"{a}kning, symbolbehandling och + kommunikation\footnote{% + \burl{https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l\%C3\%A5ng/dator} + } + \item An electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in + binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program% + \footnote{% + \burl{https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/computer} + } + \item A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out sequences + of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer + programming\footnote{% + \burl{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer} + } + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Information theory} + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.79\textwidth} + \begin{itemize} + \item The smallest piece of information is binary + \item One `bit' represents a zero or a one + \item Example of sending a single bit? + \item Example of sending multiple bits? + % + \end{itemize} + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.19\textwidth} + \centering\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/light-bulb} + \end{column} + \end{columns} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{What does this mean?} + \centering\Huge{\texttt{% + 01011001% + 01101111% + 01100100% + 01100001% + }} + \large\vfill\pause + \alert{Many different things...} + \vfill + \centering + \begin{itemize} + \item 32-bit unsigned integer: 1500472417 + \item 32-bit floating point: $4.21143045\cdot 10^{15}$ + \item Groups of 8 bits: 89,~111,~100,~97 + \begin{itemize} + \item Byte + \item Number between 0--255 (\alert{why?}) + \end{itemize} + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Information theory continued} + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} + Decimal numbers as we know them: + \begin{flalign*} + 107 &= + \textcolor{red}{1}\cdot100 + + \textcolor{red}{0}\cdot10 + + \textcolor{red}{7}\cdot1 \\ + &= + \textcolor{red}{1}\cdot\textcolor{blue}{10}^2 + + \textcolor{red}{0}\cdot\textcolor{blue}{10}^1 + + \textcolor{red}{7}\cdot\textcolor{blue}{10}^0 + \end{flalign*} + A position is associated with 0--9 \\ + A position is weighted by $10^i$, $i\geq0$\\ + This is known as base \textcolor{blue}{10} \\ + \vspace{1cm} + \pause + \alert{Why is this intuitive for us?} + \pause + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} + Binary numbers follow the same idea: + \begin{flalign*} + 1101 &= + \textcolor{red}{1}\cdot8 + + \textcolor{red}{1}\cdot4 + + \textcolor{red}{0}\cdot2 + + \textcolor{red}{1}\cdot1 \\ + &= + \textcolor{red}{1}\cdot\textcolor{blue}{2}^3 + + \textcolor{red}{1}\cdot\textcolor{blue}{2}^2 + + \textcolor{red}{0}\cdot\textcolor{blue}{2}^1 + + \textcolor{red}{1}\cdot\textcolor{blue}{2}^0 = 13 + \end{flalign*} + A position is associated with 0--1 \\ + A position is weighted by $2^i$, $i\geq0$\\ + This is known as base \textcolor{blue}{2} \\ + \vspace{1cm} + \pause + \alert{Why is this intuitive for a computer?} + \end{column} + \end{columns} + \centering + \vfill +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Now you can proudly wear this T-shirt!} + \centering\includegraphics[height=0.8\textheight]{img/binary-joke} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Be aware of different unit systems} + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} + \begin{tabular}{ccc} + \toprule + \textbf{unit} & \textbf{abbreviation} & \textbf{meaning} \\ + \midrule + kilo & k & $10^3$ \\ + mega & M & $10^6$ \\ + giga & G & $10^9$ \\ + tera & T & $10^{12}$ \\ + \bottomrule + \end{tabular}\\ + \vspace{6pt} + (Decimal numbers as we know them) + \vfill + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} + \begin{tabular}{ccc} + \toprule + \textbf{unit} & \textbf{abbreviation} & \textbf{meaning} \\ + \midrule + kibi & Ki & $2^{10}$ \\ + mebi & Mi & $2^{20}$ \\ + gibi & Gi & $2^{30}$ \\ + tebi & Ti & $2^{40}$ \\ + \bottomrule + \end{tabular}\\ + \vspace{6pt} + (Binary numbers, note $2^{10}=1024$)\\ + \end{column} + \end{columns} + \pause + \vfill\centering + \alert{``I bought a 500~GB hard drive, but Windows says it is 465.7~GB?''} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Amercian Standard Code for Information Interchange} + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.79\textwidth} + \centering\includegraphics[height=0.9\textheight]{img/ascii} + %\burl{https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII\#/media/File:ASCII-Table-wide.svg} + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.24\textwidth} + \begin{itemize} + \item 89: Y + \item 111: o + \item 100: d + \item 97: a + \pause + \item \aa, \"{a}, \"{o}? + \begin{itemize} + \item UTF-8 + \item UTF-16 + \item UTF-32 + \end{itemize} + \end{itemize} + \end{column} + \end{columns} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Divide yourself into small groups} + %% Name required (or optional) parts in a typical computer + \centering + \includegraphics[height=0.5\textheight]{img/group} + \\\Huge{Interactive exersice} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{My office setup\footnote{\burl{https://www.dustinhome.se/favorites/index/9620211}}} + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} + Computer case containing: + \begin{itemize} + \item Central Processing Unit (CPU) + \item Random Access Memory (RAM) + \item Solid State Drive (SSD) + \item Hard drive (HDD) + \item Power Supply Unit (PSU) + \item Fan for CPU cooling + \item Motherboard + \end{itemize} + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} + \centering + \includegraphics[height=0.4\textheight]{img/case1} + \includegraphics[height=0.4\textheight]{img/case2} + \end{column} + \end{columns} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Central Processing Unit (CPU) \titlefloatright{`Processor'}} + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.59\textwidth} + \begin{itemize} + \item Does most of the computing + \item Instruction set + \begin{itemize} + \item load + \item store + \item add + \item conditional jump + \item ... + \end{itemize} + \item Registers + \item Clock speed + \item Number of cores + \end{itemize} + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.39\textwidth} + \centering + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/cpu} + Intel Core i7 7700K / 4.2~GHz processor LGA1151 Socket + \end{column} + \end{columns} + \vfill\pause\centering\alert{Is faster clock speed always better?} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Gordon Moore predicted the number of transitors on a dense + integrated circuit} + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.59\textwidth} + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/moores-law} + \burl{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore\%27s\_law\#/media/File:Moore\%27s\_Law\_Transistor\_Count\_1971-2016.png} + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} + \begin{itemize} + \item Moore's law + \begin{itemize} + \item 1965: doubles every year + \item 1975: doubles every two years + \item $\approx$2025: dead + \end{itemize} + \item David House + \begin{itemize} + \item 18 months $\rightarrow$ 2x performance + \end{itemize} + \end{itemize} + \end{column} + \end{columns} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Different types of memory, all storing zeros and ones only!} + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} + \input{img/memory} + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} + \begin{itemize} + \item HDD: `h\aa{}rddisk' + \item SSD: `typ en h\aa{}rddisk' + \item RAM: `internminne eller arbetsminne' + \item Cache: on and nearby the CPU + \item Register: on the CPU + \end{itemize} + \end{column} + \end{columns} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Different types of memory continued} + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.33\textwidth} + \centering + HDD \\ + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/hdd}\\ + WD Blue 4TB 3.5" Serial ATA-600 \\ + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.33\textwidth} + \centering + SSD \\ + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/ssd} \\ + Crucial MX500 500GB Serial ATA-600 \\ + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.33\textwidth} + \centering + RAM \\ + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/ram} \\ + CORSAIR V LPX 32GB (2X16) DDR4 2400MHZ \\ + \end{column} + \end{columns} + \vspace{1cm} + + \pause + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} + \begin{itemize} + % biggest different is no moving vs moving parts + % # most important from my point of view + % - life time: no moving parts -> survive longer + % - speed: no moving parts -> less work to do stuff + % - price per GB: ssd much more expensive due to underlying tech + % # important depending on use-case + % - noise (ssd < hdd) + % - temperature (ssd < hdd) + % - energy consumption (ssd < hdd) + % - weight (ssd < hdd) + % + % See more at: https://www.netonnet.se/Content/Info/ssd + \item Trade-offs between SSD and HDD? + \end{itemize} + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} + \begin{itemize} + % Depends on your use-case! + \item How much RAM do you need? + \end{itemize} + \end{column} + \end{columns} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Motherboard (or, the thing everything is attached to) + \titlefloatright{`Moderkort'}} + % ATX power connector: this is where you connect PSU + % IDE connector: for hard drive, dvd, etc (newer: SATA) + % North bridge or `memory controller': controls transfers between CPU + % and RAM; hence it is nearby both of these components + % South bridge or `input/output controller': manages controllers between + % peripheral devices. + % The term `bridge' is generally used when connecting two buses + % Dynamic Vs Static ram -> has to do with underlying tech; static is + % faster but more expensive + % CMOS Backup battery: to remember important stuff while shutdown, e.g., + % BIOS settings and date. + % AGP slot: for some graphic cards (legacy, nowadays PCI) + % PCI slots: attach various extension cards here (i.e., daughter boards), + % e.g., network, audio, and graphic cards + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.69\textwidth} + \centering\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/motherboard} + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.29\textwidth} + Contains at least: + \begin{itemize} + \item Processor slot + \item Memory slot + \item Connectors, e.g., + \begin{itemize} + \item Power + \item SATA + \item SCSI + \item ... + \end{itemize} + \item Control circuits + \begin{itemize} + \item BIOS + \item Cache + \item ... + \end{itemize} + \end{itemize} + \end{column} + \end{columns} + \pause + \vfill + \centering\alert{What should you think about when you buy hardware?} + % BIOS: Basic Input Output System + % - the first software to run when a computer is started + % - identifies and configures hardware, e.g., hard drive, CPU, memory, etc. + % - instructs the computer how to perform a number basic operations, e.g., + % controlling the keyboard and booting the OS. +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{A newer motherboard: ASUS PRIME Z370-P \titlefloatright{Manual\footnote{% + \burl{https://www.asus.com/us/Motherboards/PRIME-Z370-P/HelpDesk\_Manual/} + }}} + \centering\includegraphics[height=0.85\textheight]{img/new-motherboard2} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{A newer motherboard continued} + \centering\includegraphics[height=0.85\textheight]{img/moderkort} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Expantion cards usually use PCI(e)\titlefloatright{`Instickskort'}} + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.33\textwidth} + \hfill + \centering + % - It's common with 2000+ cores + % - It has its own dedicated RAM (e.g., 8GB) + % - Not so general purpose as a CPU, but it's good at what it does... + % - Fun with GPUs? Cryptocurrency mining and password cracking! + \alert{Graphics card} for complex math, geometry, and coloring + (`grafikkort') + \includegraphics[height=0.4\textheight]{img/graphics-card} + %\burl{https://www.techpowerup.com/img/16-12-20/917a7803f315.jpg}\\ + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.33\textwidth} + \hfill + \centering + \alert{Audio card} for enhanced sound experiences + (`ljudkort') + \includegraphics[height=0.4\textheight]{img/audio-card} + %\burl{https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/411rdurQRkL.jpg} + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.33\textwidth} + \hfill + \centering + % For special needs, e.g., WiFi or 10GBit/s Ethernet + \alert{Network card} for data exchange over a computer network + (`n\"{a}tverkskort') + \includegraphics[height=0.4\textheight]{img/network-card} + \end{column} + \end{columns} + \pause + \vspace{0.5cm} + \centering\alert{Is my office setup without graphics, sound, and Internet?!} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{A few common external connectors} + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} + \vbox to 0.8\textwidth{% + \centering + \alert{USB}\vspace{6pt}\\ + \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{img/usb1} + \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{img/usb2} + %\burl{https://www.bhphotovideo.com/explora/amp/computers/tips-and-solutions/thunderbolt-3-usb-31-usb-type-c-making-sense-connections} + \vfill + External HDD and devices + } + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} + \vbox to 0.8\textwidth{% + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} + \centering\alert{HDMI}\vspace{6pt}\\ + \includegraphics[height=0.3\textheight]{img/hdmi} + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth} + \centering\alert{DP}\vspace{6pt}\\ + \includegraphics[height=0.3\textheight]{img/dp} + \end{column} + \end{columns} + \centering\vfill + Mainly video and audio + } + \end{column} + \end{columns} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{You will find the same basic components in every computer---Raspberry Pi} + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.69\textwidth} + \centering\includegraphics[height=0.8\textheight]{img/raspberrypi}\\ + \burl{https://www.raspberrypi.org/} + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.29\textwidth} + All components are embedded on a SoC: + \begin{itemize} + \item CPU + \item Memory + \item Connectors + \item Control circuits + \end{itemize} + \end{column} + \end{columns} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{You will find the same basic components in every computer---MBP} + \centering\includegraphics[height=0.8\textheight]{img/mbp} + \burl{https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/MacBook+Pro+15-Inch+Touch+Bar+Teardown/73395} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{You will find the same basic components in every computer---iPhone} + \centering\includegraphics[height=0.8\textheight]{img/iphone} + \burl{https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/iPhone+5s+Teardown/17383} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{In the labs you will (de)assemble a computer} + \begin{columns} + \begin{column}{0.59\textwidth} + \centering\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/build-pc} + %\burl{https://cdn.fstoppers.com/styles/large-16-9/s3/lead/2017/05/best\_pc\_build\_for\_adobe\_premiere.jpg} + \end{column} + \begin{column}{0.39\textwidth} + \begin{itemize} + \item Be grounded + \item Be ``stern but fair'' + \item Be careful with cables + \begin{itemize} + \item Jank? No... + \item Pull? Gently! + \item Wiggle? If you must! + \end{itemize} + \item Attach in the right direction + \item Avoid touching circuit boards + \item Ask if you need help + \end{itemize} + \end{column} + \end{columns} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Nervous? Prepare yourself by watching a computer being built} + \centering\includegraphics[height=0.8\textheight]{img/video} + \burl{https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0bUghCx9iso} +\end{frame} |