\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Learning outcome based on syllabus}
  \begin{itemize}
    \item Give an account of different ways to develop software (ISGA01)
    \item Describe different ways of developing software (ISGA06)
    \item Explain the development process of an information system (ISGA90)
  \end{itemize}
  \vfill\centering
  \smartdiagram[sequence diagram]{%
    Reality check,%
    Waterfall method,%
    Scrum method%
  }
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Reality check}
  \begin{columns}
    \begin{column}{0.59\textwidth}
      \begin{itemize}
        \item Three things we wish were true
          \begin{itemize}
            \item Customers know what they want
            \item Developers know how to build it
            \item Nothing changes at the course of a project
          \end{itemize}
      \end{itemize}
      \begin{itemize}
        \item Three things we have to live with
          \begin{itemize}
            \item Customers figure out what they want
            \item Developers figure out how to build it
            \item Many things change at the course of a project
          \end{itemize}
      \end{itemize}
    \end{column}
    \begin{column}{0.39\textwidth}
      \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/reality}
    \end{column}
  \end{columns}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Timeline of different approaches towards product development}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[height=0.4\textheight]{img/timeline}\\
  \vfill\alert{Our scope: Agile and Scrum, briefly Waterfall and XP}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Monolithic vs Iterative and incremental}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[height=0.65\textheight]{img/iterative}
  \vfill
  \alert{Agile development is all about feedback cycles}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Each iteration is a mini project that involves all diciplines}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight]{img/one-it}\\
  \alert{Note: not necessarily in this order!}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Agile vs Waterfall}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[height=0.70\textheight]{img/cmp}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Does it work? Results from a survey on agile software development}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[height=0.70\textheight]{img/works}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Scrum properties}
  \begin{columns}
    \begin{column}{0.59\textwidth}
      \begin{itemize}
        \item Emperical---progress based on real-world observations rather than
          fictious plans
        \item Identify problems early
        \item Prioritize strictly
        \item Plan for change and continuous improvement
          \begin{itemize}
            \item Short feedback loop
            \item Ship working software frequently
            \item ``Planning is needed, but always wrong''
          \end{itemize}
        \item Cross-functional and self-organizing teams
        \item Pull-scheduling
        \item Timeboxing
        \item Simple tools
        \item ...
      \end{itemize}
    \end{column}
    \begin{column}{0.39\textwidth}
      \centering
      \includegraphics[height=0.6\textheight]{img/tia}
      \burl{https://www.scrum.org/resources/blog/three-pillars-empiricism-scrum}
    \end{column}
  \end{columns}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{An overview of the Scrum process}
  \begin{columns}
    \begin{column}{0.69\textwidth}
      \includegraphics[height=0.8\textheight]{img/scrum-overview}
    \end{column}
    \begin{column}{0.29\textwidth}
      Roles:
      \begin{itemize}
        \item Product owner
        \item Scrum master
        \item Developer
      \end{itemize}
    \end{column}
  \end{columns}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{A typical sprint}
  \begin{itemize}
    \item \textbf{Sprint planning} \titlefloatright{\textbf{Timeboxed}}
      \begin{itemize}
        \item Update and prioritize features in the product backlog%
          \titlefloatright{4h}
        \item Add top-priority features to sprint backlog and divide into
          tasks\titlefloatright{4h}
      \end{itemize}
    \item \textbf{Sprint execution} \titlefloatright{2--4 weeks}
      \begin{itemize}
        \item Daily scrum---a short stand-up meeting \titlefloatright{15m}
          \begin{itemize}
            \item What did you do yesterday?
            \item What will you do today?
            \item Any problems?
          \end{itemize}
      \end{itemize}
    \item \textbf{Sprint review} \titlefloatright{4h}
      \begin{itemize}
        \item Team holds a demo for product owner and stakeholders
      \end{itemize}
    \item \textbf{Sprint retrospective} \titlefloatright{2h}
      \begin{itemize}
        \item The good and the bad?
        \item How can we improve as a team?
      \end{itemize}
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Sprint planning---what should we work on the next couple of weeks?}
  \begin{columns}
    \begin{column}{0.69\textwidth}
      \begin{itemize}
        \item Dialog between product owner and development team
          \begin{itemize}
            \item PO: present\&adapt priority features in product backlog
            \item Team: how much can be done
              \begin{itemize}
                \item Story points
                \item Sprint velocity
                \item Poker estimates are common
              \end{itemize}
          \end{itemize}
        \item Concrete output of this meeting?
          \begin{itemize}
            \item A sprint backlog and definitions of `done'
            \item A set of tasks for each feature in the sprint backlog
            \item A sprint goal, a demo date, and how to demo
            \item A time and place for daily scrum
          \end{itemize}
      \end{itemize}
    \end{column}
    \begin{column}{0.29\textwidth}
      \centering
      \input{img/esi}
    \end{column}
  \end{columns}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{...using cards!}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[height=0.8\textheight]{img/poker}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Daily scrum---a short stand-up meeting that repeats every day}
  \begin{columns}
    \begin{column}{0.39\textwidth}
      \begin{itemize}
        \item Purpose---keep \textbf{team members} up-to-date
        \item What did you do yesterday?
        \item What will you do today?
        \item Any problems?
      \end{itemize}
    \end{column}
    \begin{column}{0.59\textwidth}
      \centering
      \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/board}\\
      A board is used to track progress
    \end{column}
  \end{columns}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Sprint review---show-case the latest prototype and start a dialog}
  \begin{columns}
    \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth}
      \begin{itemize}
        \item Date and time already defined---\textbf{unconditional}
        \item All roles attend, including stakeholders if invited
        \item A demo of the prototype shows that the sprint goal is achieved
          \begin{itemize}
            \item How to demo? Sprint planning...
          \end{itemize}
      \end{itemize}
    \end{column}
    \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth}
      \centering
      \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/demo}\\
    \end{column}
  \end{columns}
  \pause
  \vfill\centering\alert{Wait w000t: what if we are not done?}\\
  \pause
  \alert{This is identified early on and solved accordingly!}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Sprint retrospective---ensure that the team improves internally}
  \begin{columns}
    \begin{column}{0.59\textwidth}
      \begin{itemize}
        \item Product owner is excluded from this meeting
        \item The goal is to improve the team productivity
          \begin{itemize}
            \item What did we do right?
            \item What did we do wrong?
            \item How can we improve? \textbf{Choose one!}
          \end{itemize}
      \end{itemize}
    \end{column}
    \begin{column}{0.45\textwidth}
      \centering
      \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/retrospective}\\
      Make lists and perhaps magnet vote
    \end{column}
  \end{columns}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{What does `done' really mean?}
  \begin{columns}
    \begin{column}{0.59\textwidth}
      \begin{itemize}
        \item \textbf{Can be delivered to the customer}
          \begin{itemize}
            \item A given feature is implemented
            \item Code follows good engineering practises
            \item Code is documented and refactored
            \item ...or anything else defined at sprint planning
          \end{itemize}
        \item \textbf{If your estimates turn out to be wrong}
          \begin{itemize}
            \item Work harder, longer and/or smarter
            \item Lower quality by skipping design, testing, integration and/or
              documentation
            \item Reduce and/or remove features
            \item What are the pros and cons?
          \end{itemize}
      \end{itemize}
    \end{column}
    \begin{column}{0.39\textwidth}
      \centering
      \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/done}
    \end{column}
  \end{columns}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Consequences of the `hurry-up' and `lowered-quality' approaches}
  \begin{columns}
    \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth}
      \centering
      \includegraphics[height=0.4\textheight]{img/hurry}
      \begin{itemize}
        \item \textbf{Hurry-up}---work overtime, skip breaks, add more people,
          ...
          \begin{itemize}
            \item Burnout 
            \item Errors
            \item `More junk in short time'
          \end{itemize}
      \end{itemize}
    \end{column}
    \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth}
      \centering
      \includegraphics[height=0.4\textheight]{img/debt}
      \begin{itemize}
        \item \textbf{Lowered quality}---leads to technical debt and thus
          reduced efficiency
          \begin{itemize}
            \item Harder to re-use code
            \item Harder to add functionality
            \item Harder to meet future goals
          \end{itemize}
      \end{itemize}
    \end{column}
  \end{columns}
  \vfill\centering
  \alert{In other words: involve product owner and go with option three}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{From start to finnish---putting it all together}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[height=0.75\textheight]{img/scrum-whole}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Scrum and eXtreme Programming (XP)}
  \begin{columns}
    \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth}
      \centering
      \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{img/scrum-and-xp}
    \end{column}
    \begin{column}{0.49\textwidth}
      \centering
      \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{img/scrum-and-xp2}
    \end{column}
  \end{columns}
  \begin{itemize}
    \item Scrum can be viewed as a team-to-stakeholder interface
    \item The team is self-organizing, but it \textbf{could} work using XP
      practises
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Can't get enough? Review the concepts or dig into the details
    (Optional)}
  \begin{columns}
    \begin{column}{0.33\textwidth}
      \centering
      \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/scrum-1m}
      \burl{https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRcReyRYIMg}
    \end{column}
    \begin{column}{0.33\textwidth}
      \centering
      \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/scrum-2m}
      \burl{https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WxiuE-1ujCM}
    \end{column}
    \begin{column}{0.33\textwidth}
      \centering
      \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/scrum-10m}
      \burl{https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XU0llRltyFM}
    \end{column}
  \end{columns}
  \vfill
  \begin{columns}
    \begin{column}{0.33\textwidth}
      \centering
      \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/agile-manifesto}
      \burl{http://agilemanifesto.org/}
    \end{column}
    \begin{column}{0.33\textwidth}
      \centering
      \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/scrum-guide}
      \burl{https://www.scrumguides.org/docs/scrumguide/v2017/2017-Scrum-Guide-US.pdf}
    \end{column}
    \begin{column}{0.33\textwidth}
      \centering
      \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/henke}
      \burl{http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/2R690/doc/ScrumAndXpFromTheTrenchesonline07-31.pdf}
    \end{column}
  \end{columns}
\end{frame}
